Thursday, April 26, 2012

An Indepth Look at The Unit Circle (Part 1)


An Indepth Look at The Unit Circle (Part 1)

      We already know that the Unit Circle has a radius of one. Because of this, we can easily measure the values of sine, cosine, and tangent. For example, lets plot a point on the Unit circle, and call it point (x,y). Let’s also call the angle formed by point (x,y) and the radius angle theta. We already know that sine equals opposite over hypotenuse, and by definition , the radius of the Unit Circle is one. Therefore, the sine of angle theta equals y(height of point (x,y)) over 1 or simply y.

     Likewise, we know that cosine equals the adjacent side over the hypotenuse. Once again, we know that the radius of the unit circle is one. Therefore, the cosine of angle theta equals x(length of point (x,y) over one, or simply x.

     Based on this information, we can tell an angle in the unit circle’s sine and cosine values. Instead of point (x,y), we can look at the coordinates as (cosine theta, sine theta).

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This becomes even more useful when we use values (in degrees). Let’s review our 30-60-90 triangle rule:


Based on what we learned earlier, we can easily find the cosine and sine of a thirty degree angle. Imagine the 30-60-90 triangle inside a unit circle.



   Using our 30- 60-90 rules and our knowledge that the radius is one, we know that the length of the shortest leg of the triangle equals ½.      We also know that the length of the longest leg is the square root of 3
               2 .                                    And of course, the hypotenuse of this triangle is one (it is a radius of the Unit Circle as well.)
     Notice that the two legs of the triangle meet at the point. Recall what we learned about the coordinates of a point of the Unit circle (reminder : (x,y)  --> (cosine, sine)) . Therefore, we now know that an angle of 30 degrees has a cosine of the sqrt of 3 and a sine of ½. 
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